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Abstract
Vegetarianism is a common diet worldwide. For a large proportion of people, meat or fish is not available at all or not regularly as a meal. But also in the industrialised countries, vegetarian nutrition is becoming more and more popular for various reasons. Many vegetarian parents also want a suitable diet for their children. But are restrictive diets beneficial or potentially harmful in certain situations, such as a predisposition to severe atopy? Are vegetarian diets equally suitable for pregnant women, nursing mothers, infants, children, and adolescents? What critical nutrients should parents, children, pediatricians, and nutritionists pay particular attention to? This article is focused on questions like these and discusses scientifically based concepts of nutrition. Main findings are that exposure to a variety of food antigens during early life may play a role in the development of healthy eating habits and that restrictive diets have not been found in studies to prevent allergic disease.
Highlights
Vegetarian diets are common in poor countries where meat are scarce and are only regularly available to a few families
Are restrictive diets beneficial or potentially harmful in certain situations, such as a predisposition to severe atopy? Are vegetarian diets suitable for pregnant women, nursing mothers, infants, children, and adolescents? What critical nutrients should parents, children, pediatricians, and nutritionists pay particular attention to? This article is focused on questions like these and discusses scientifically based concepts of nutrition
Main findings are that exposure to a variety of food antigens during early life may play a role in the development of healthy eating habits and that restrictive diets have not been found in studies to prevent allergic disease
Summary
Vegetarian diets are common in poor countries where meat (and fish) are scarce and are only regularly available to a few families. The OMD can be the basis for the diet in pregnancy and lactation (Figure 1 and Figure 2) Both concepts, the Dietary Scheme for the First Year of Life and the OMD are based on reference values for nutrient intake. Taking into account existing dietary habits, the nutrient references are translated into practical guidelines for family food choices [6] [7]. They take into account aspects of the prevention of dietary related diseases such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. The “Dietary Scheme for the First Year of Life” and the “Optimized Mixed Diet” are scientific reference instruments for child nutrition in Germany [9] [10]. Due to the practical and realistic suggestions, they are the basis for nutrition counselling by pediatricians and nutritionists in the field of child nutrition [6]
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