Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine choline chloride replacement effects by a vegetable choline source, compost by Trachyspermum amni, Citrullus colocynthis, Achyranthus aspera, and Azadirachta indica in broiler feed. These compounds are fonts of phosphatidylcholine, a high-disponible molecule for intestinal absorption and choline supply. A total of 640 animals were randomly allocated in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and eight repetitions (n = 20), and zootechnical performance (body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and productive efficiency index), carcass yield, cuts yield, and organs (heart, liver, proventriculus, gizzard, and small intestine) relative weights were evaluated. Were evaluated two choline chloride levels (600 and 800 mg kg-1) and two vegetable choline levels (100 and 200 mg kg-1), added in a corn-soybean meal basal diet, during 42 days of raising. Results revealed better feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) and production efficiency index (p < 0.001) in broilers fed vegetable choline, with no differences on body weight (p = 0.372) and weight gain (p = 0.427) among broilers. Carcass, cuts yield, and organ relative weights do not alter (p > 0.05) due to different group of supplementations. Findings in this trial concludes vegetable choline can adequately replace choline chloride in broiler feed, with improvement on performance and no compromising carcass, cuts or organ development.
Highlights
There were no differences in bird body weight (p = 0.182), weight gain (p = 0.182), feed intake (p = 0.219), and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.549) in 1-7-day period among broilers from the various groups tested (Table 3)
In 1 - 21 day, no alterations were observed in body weight (p = 0.184) and weight gain (p = 0.187), higher feed intake (p = 0.017) and feed conversion ratio (p = 0.045) were observed in birds fed 800 mg kg-1 of choline chloride
Birds fed with 100 mg kg-1 of vegetable choline (VC) demonstrated lower feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) than broilers fed with 200 mg kg-1 of VC and 800 mg kg-1 of chorine chloride (CC)
Summary
Choline is a B-complex vitamin that optimizes energy metabolism, controls fatty liver syndrome and reduces body fat. It is indispensable for efficient nutrient assimilation, as it helps form phospholipids and lecithins, participating in hepatic fat metabolism (Huang, Yang, & Wang, 2007; Zhang, Haitao, Zhao, Guo, & Barri, 2011). It is present in all body tissues, where it constitutes a cell structure element, compounding phospholipids membrane (Zeisel, Mar, Howe, & Holden, 2003). Choline is a metil-group (CH3) donor (Pompeu et al, 2011) for hepatic xenobiotic detoxification metabolism, is fundamental for the transmission of nerve impulses, as it is essential for acetylcholine formation (Rodelas, Magpantay, & Luis, 2011), an important neurotransmitter
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