Vectors, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices in Relation to Malaria Transmission in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background & objectives: Malaria remains a major public health concern in Nigeria and the vectors (Anopheles species) can only be controlled effectively by having good knowledge of its composition and potential for disease transmission. This work aimed at surveying the indoor malaria vectors, Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) in relation to the disease transmission in Toro LGA, Bauchi State, Nigeria. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected by Pyrethrum Spray Catch (PSC) between October and December 2019 and were morphologically identified using standard keys. Blood samples were also collected from individuals who slept in the rooms where PSC was conducted. Thick and thin blood smears were made for malaria parasite examination. Questionnaires were administered to 120 participants for the KAP studies. Results: Ninety-seven (97) Anopheles mosquitoes were collected and identified as Anopheles gambiae 76(78.35%), An. funestus 20(20.62%) and An. coustani 1(1.03%). The overall malaria prevalence was 15.8%. The KAP studies revealed that measures and treatment-seeking behaviours against malaria varied significantly (P<0.05) among the respondents. Sleeping under net 55(45.8%) and use of insecticides 24(20.0%) were some of the preventive measures highlighted while treatment-seeking behaviours included visit to pharmacy 74(61.7%) and use of local herbs 11(9.2%). Interpretation & conclusion: This work revealed that An. gambiae and An. funestus are predominant malaria vectors in the area. The KAP information demonstrated fair knowledge about the disease by the respondents. Therefore, public enlightenment about malaria prevention, control and treatment is recommended to address the few but highly negative impact knowledge gaps about malaria.