Abstract
Simple SummaryTomato yellow leaf curl viruses cause disease epidemics in tomato crops in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. The sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, is a vector of this group of viruses. This research studied the transmission biology of tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV) by B. tabaci, including virus-infected tissues, virus translocation, virus replication, and transovarial transmission (i.e., transmission from mother to progeny via ovaries). We discovered that the virus first infects the alimentary gut, then the hemolymph, and finally the salivary glands of the whitefly. The virus did not replicate in the whitefly during infection. In addition, TYLCTHV was detected in only 10% of infected females’ first-generation progeny, but the progeny was unable to cause viral infection of tomato plants; therefore, there was no evidence of transovarial transmission. When combined with the current literature, our results suggest that B. tabaci transmits TYLCTHV in a persistent-circulative mode.Viruses that cause tomato yellow leaf curl disease are part of a group of viruses of the genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae. Tomato-infecting begomoviruses cause epidemics in tomato crops in tropical, subtropical, and Mediterranean climates, and they are exclusively transmitted by Bemisia tabaci in the field. The objective of the present study was to examine the transmission biology of the tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV) by B. tabaci, including virus-infected tissues, virus translocation, virus replication, and transovarial transmission. The results demonstrated that the virus translocates from the alimentary gut to the salivary glands via the hemolymph, without apparent replication when acquired by B. tabaci. Furthermore, the virus was detected in 10% of the first-generation progeny of viruliferous females, but the progeny was unable to cause the viral infection of host plants. There was no evidence of transovarial transmission of TYLCTHV in B. tabaci. When combined with the current literature, our results suggest that B. tabaci transmits TYLCTHV in a persistent-circulative mode. The present study enhances our understanding of virus–vector interaction and the transmission biology of TYLCTHV in B. tabaci.
Highlights
A majority of pathogenic plant viruses are known to have associations with insect vectors, which are responsible for virus transmission among plant hosts [1,2]
It has been suggested that B. tabaci transmits tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in a persistent-circulative mode [17], which means that the virus translocates from the alimentary gut to the salivary glands via the hemolymph, without replicating when acquired by B. tabaci
An Alexa Fluor 555 signal was detected in the midgut, gastric caeca, and filter chamber, but not in the hindgut of viruliferous whiteflies, indicating that tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV) accumulated in the midgut, gastric caeca, and filter chamber of B. tabaci (Figure 1A)
Summary
A majority of pathogenic plant viruses are known to have associations with insect vectors, which are responsible for virus transmission among plant hosts [1,2]. The persistently transmitted plant viruses rely exclusively on insect vectors for their spread in the field [3]. Many insect-transmitted, crop-infecting viruses cause significant losses in crop yields [4,5,6]. Tomato yellow leaf curl viruses comprise a group of viruses of the genus Begomovirus in the family Geminiviridae [9]. They are exclusively transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci [5]. TYLCTHV has caused great economic damage to tomato production in Thailand [16]
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