Vector BPS Skyrme model

Abstract

We analyze the vector meson formulation of the Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) Skyrme model in ($3+1$) dimensions, where the term of sixth power in first derivatives characteristic for the original, integrable BPS Skyrme model (the topological or baryon current squared) is replaced by a coupling between the vector meson ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}$ and the baryon current. We find that the model remains integrable in the sense of generalized integrability and almost solvable (reducible to a set of two first-order ordinary differential equations) for any value of the baryon charge. Further, we analyze the appearance of topological solitons for two one-parameter families of one-vacuum potentials: the old Skyrme potentials and the so-called BPS potentials. Depending on the value of the parameters, we find several qualitatively different possibilities. In the massless case, we have a parameter region with no Skyrmions, a unique compact Skyrmion with a discontinuous first derivative at the boundary (equivalently, with a source term located at the boundary, which screens the topological charge), and Coulomb-like localized solitons. For the massive vector meson, besides the no-Skyrmion region and a unique $C$-compact soliton, we find exponentially as well as power-like localized Skyrmions. Further, we find (for a specific potential) BPS solutions, i.e., Skyrmions saturating a Bogomolny bound (both for the massless and massive vector mesons), which are unstable for higher values of the baryon charge. The properties of the model are finally compared with its baby version in ($2+1$) dimensions and with the original BPS Skyrme model, contributing to a better understanding of the latter.