Vasopressin V1A receptors mediate the stabilization of intestinal mucosal oxygenation during hypercapnia in septic rats

Abstract

BackgroundMicrovascular oxygen saturation (μHBO2) plays an essential role in the development and outcome of sepsis. Hypercapnia (HC) improves the microvascular oxygenation of the mucosa in both healthy and septic animals. Vasopressin V1A receptor blockade prevents this positive effect under otherwise physiological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the vasopressin system during hypercapnia under septic conditions. Methods80 rats were randomized into 8 groups (N=10). Colon ascendens stent peritonitis (CASP) or sham surgery was performed on 40 animals each to establish a moderate polymicrobial sepsis or sham control, respectively. 24h after sepsis induction the animals were subjected to 120min of volume-controlled and pressure-limited ventilation with either normocapnic (pCO2 35–45mmHg) or moderate hypercapnic (pCO2 of 65–75mmHg) ventilation targets. Animals received either vasopressin V1A receptor blockade (SR 49059, 1mgkg−1 i.v.) or vehicle solution (dimethyl sulfoxide, 1%). Blood pressure, heart rate, pO2 and pCO2 were measured and microcirculatory oxygenation (μHBO2) and microcirculatory flow (μflow) were recorded using tissue reflectance spectrophotometry. Oxygen supply (μDO2) and consumption (μVO2) were calculated from intermittent blood gas analysis. ResultsIn septic animals, μHBO2 declined during normocapnia (−11±10.3) but remained unchanged during hypercapnia. μHBO2 declined with vasopressin V1A receptor blockade both during normocapnia (−7.4±10.6) and hypercapnia (−9.2±9.8). Microcirculatory oxygen consumption was significantly reduced by hypercapnia in septic animals (−2.4·105 [AU]±2.4·105 [AU]). In sham animals, μHBO2 and μVO2 did not change. ConclusionVasopressin V1A receptors mediate the beneficial effects of hypercapnia on microcirculatory oxygenation during sepsis. The effects of vasopressin on μHBO2 might be related to decreased oxygen consumption during hypercapnia.