Abstract
Flying ad hoc network is widely used in many military and civilian scenarios. Compared with mobile ad hoc network and vehicular ad hoc network, flying ad hoc network holds some special characteristics such as high mobility, long-distance communication, and sparse node-deployment, which cause an important challenge in the design of routing protocols. In this article, a velocity-aware and stability-estimation–based multi-path routing protocol is proposed for flying ad hoc network. The protocol is mainly composed of two important parts, which are the routing discovery mechanism and routing maintenance mechanism. In routing discovery process, the routing discovery request packet only can be forwarded by the reliable node, which is decided by the calculation of co-direction degree, then the routing overhead is reduced at some extent. Noticeably, the correlation of the survival duration between adjacent links is fully considered, which is very important to the path stability criteria. In routing maintenance progress, a path similarity and path remaining survival duration–based multi-path selection mechanism is proposed. The performance superiority of velocity-aware and stability-estimation–based multi-path routing protocol is also demonstrated by extensive simulations. The results show that velocity-aware and stability-estimation–based multi-path routing protocol is much better than other existing protocols in terms of network throughput, average delay of data transmission, routing overhead, and the convergence time of the routing discovery.
Highlights
The development and application of a large number of available low-cost wireless communication technologies and devices have laid the foundation for the development of small intelligent aircraft such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
From the perspective of communication effectiveness, more attention should be paid to the efficient processing and fast forwarding for data flow in flying ad hoc network (FANET) compared with mobile ad hoc network (MANET), which improves data transmission efficiency by minimizing the node data forwarding time
All of their throughput are about 10% lower than the end-toend throughput (ETH) of VaSe-MRP. This trend is obvious under every value of Vmax. This is because the correlation of link remaining survival duration (LRSD) between links is taken into account in VaSe-MRP, so the selected multi-path for data transmission is more stable than other two protocols, the ETH improved
Summary
The development and application of a large number of available low-cost wireless communication technologies and devices have laid the foundation for the development of small intelligent aircraft such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It has been shown that the mechanisms designed for MANETs or vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) cannot be directly applied in FANETs due to the high mobility, sparse deployment, drastically changing network topology, intermittently connected communication links, and intentional jamming and disruption. In light of these facts, many methods for link prediction have been proposed by researchers for overcoming the impact of high-speed node mobility on routing of FANET. Routing protocol operating in the FANET has seen tremendous research and implementation during the last few years, how to design a route suitable for FANET transmission requirement is a crucial task in the development and application of FANET.
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