Abstract
Pressures exerted by the jet coming from an end hole catheter may be positive or negative, depending on the direction of measurement. Maximal positive pressure occurs if the catheter is in direct contact with the structure at a right angle position. Under such circumstances, the pressure in the injection syringe is transmitted, usually resulting in disruption of intima and media of the blood vessel.Negative forces may cause collapse of an injected blood vessel resulting in an angiographic artefact termed jet collapse. At effective injection pressures of 800 lb./sq. in. and more, vascular jet collapse is the cause of disruption of the vessel wall in animal experiments. Vascular jet collapse is more commonly seen in venography and arteriography in younger persons with elastic vessels. Vascular jet collapse is an important angiographic arte-fact, since it may be confused with organic narrowing or vascular spasm.
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