Vascular integrin immunoreactivity is selectively lost on capillaries during rat focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion

Abstract

The α1-integrin cell adhesion molecules, the principal endothelial receptors for basal lamina (BL) components disappear during transient ischemia. The current study investigated the localization of integrins, the time dependency and vessel size selectivity in the normal rat brain before and after 3 h of cerebral ischemia (I3) and reperfusion (R). Additionally we looked for a correlation to the amount of extravasation and hemorrhage. In the normal brain, there was a clear immunoreactivity for the α1, α6, and β1 integrins on the endothelial perivascular cells. After I3 followed by variable reperfusion intervals of 0, 9, and 24 h (R0, R9 and R24; respectively), the number of vessels and staining intensity indicating immunoreactivity in the ischemic area were compared with the contralateral side. The number of the β1-immunoreactive capillaries was steadily decreasing with the reperfusion time: − 12 ± 5%, − 15 ± 7% and − 43 ± 8% at I3R0, I3R9 and I3R24 (all p < 0.05). The β1-staining intensity decreased homogeneously to − 21% at I3R24 ( p < 0.05). Vascular staining for α1 was affected similarly. Interestingly, the α6-positive arterioles/venules were also reduced by − 21% at I3R24 ( p < 0.05) in a diameter-selective way on vessels with diameters larger than 15 μm. The correlated break-down of the blood–brain-barrier was demonstrated by the significant rise of the extravasation of BSA from the perfusion solution as well as the increased hemorrhage after MCAO/R (hemoglobin: 103 ± 4% versus 330 ±17%; BSA 101 ± 3% versus 132 ± 9% in I0R0 and I3R24, respectively). The prominent capillary vulnerability contributes significantly to the impairment of the microvascular integrity and after ischemia and reperfusion.