Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) +405 C/G polymorphism is associated with essential hypertension in a population from Tehran of Iran

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has long been recognized as a hypotensive mediator. Little is known regarding the contribution of polymorphisms in VEGF gene to essential hypertension (EH), however. We aimed to investigate the association between +405 VEGF C/G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and occurrence of EH in a sample of patients with diabetes. A study population of 474 subjects with diabetes of which 45.6% (216) had EH was enrolled in this study. Interviews and physical examinations were performed in a clinical setting. Subjects were matched in baseline anthropometric and biochemical characteristics except for total cholesterol. Genotyping of +405 VEGF C/G (rs2010963) SNP was carried out using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. The allelic distribution of the sample did not violate Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Subjects with EH had a higher frequency of G allele (P=0.005). Additionally, those with EH had a significantly higher frequency of GG genotype (P=0.015). In multivariate logistic regression models controlling for possible confounders, having GG against CC genotype was associated with an odds ratio of 2.51 (95% CI: 1.44-4.38; P=0.001). Moreover, presence of each G allele was linked to a 1.58-fold increase in risk of having EH (95% CI: 1.200-2.086; P=0.001). In conclusion, +405 VEGF C/G SNP is associated with EH in patients with diabetes, suggesting presence of G allele and GG or CG genotype confer susceptibility towards EH.