Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor: A Translational View in Oral Non-Communicable Diseases.

Sven Niklander,Marcela Hernández,Alejandra Fernández,María José Bordagaray

doi:10.3390/biom11010085

Sven Niklander, Marcela Hernández + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11010085

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Journal: Biomolecules	Publication Date: Jan 12, 2021
Citations: 17	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Universidad Andrés Bello, University of Chile

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) are vital regulators of angiogenesis that are expressed in response to soluble mediators, such as cytokines and growth factors. Their physiologic functions include blood vessel formation, regulation of vascular permeability, stem cell and monocyte/macrophage recruitment and maintenance of bone homeostasis and repair. In addition, angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in chronic pathologic conditions, such as tumorigenesis, inflammatory immune diseases and bone loss. According to their prevalence, morbidity and mortality, inflammatory diseases affecting periodontal tissues and oral cancer are relevant non-communicable diseases. Whereas oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered one of the most common cancers worldwide, destructive inflammatory periodontal diseases, on the other hand, are amongst the most prevalent chronic inflammatory conditions affecting humans and also represent the main cause of tooth loss in adults. In the recent years, while knowledge regarding the role of VEGF signaling in common oral diseases is expanding, new potential translational applications emerge. In the present narrative review we aim to explore the role of VEGF signaling in oral cancer and destructive periodontal inflammatory diseases, with emphasis in its translational applications as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Highlights

Vasculogenesis, the formation of blood vessels from de novo generation of endothelial cells, and angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, are critical during development and physiologic homeostasis, but can mediate the pathogenesis of several diseases
The degree of dysplasia has been significantly correlated with Vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and mast cell density (MCD) which are thought to be important for the initial stages of oral carcinogenesis as they contribute to angiogenesis [24]
After induction of periodontitis, keratin 14 (K14)-VEGFC and wild-type mice showed no significant differences in bone resorption, angiogenesis, recruitment of immune cells, levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), proinflammatory cytokines, and bone-related proteins in gingival tissue samples

Summary

Introduction

Vasculogenesis, the formation of blood vessels from de novo generation of endothelial cells, and angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation, are critical during development and physiologic homeostasis, but can mediate the pathogenesis of several diseases. VEGF is required for stem cell and monocyte/macrophage recruitment, maintenance of tissue barrier functions and neuroprotection [3]. In addition to these physiologic processes, angiogenesis plays a pivotal role in oral chronic pathologic conditions, such as tumorigenesis and inflammatoryimmune diseases with bone loss [3,4].

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