Vascular Complications in Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background and Objectives:India is claimed to be the diabetes capital of the world. Many studies had proven that persistent hyperglycemiaand associated metabolic syndrome features like hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity contribute to thedevelopment of vascular complications.The present study aims to study the prevalence and clinical profile of microvascular and macrovascularcomplications in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: The study is a clinical, prospective and observational study of 100 newly detected type 2 diabeticsattending medicine department outpatient/ inpatient, SGRRIMHS hospital, dehradun, form the subject for thestudy August 2018 to July 2020 (24 months) who matched the inclusion criteria.Results: In this, 62 were males and 38 were females and the mean age was 54.05±13.24 years. 44% were detectedwhen they presented with multiple complications due to diabetes. Common complications which they presentedwere coronary artery disease (15%), infection (12%), stroke (6%), ulcers (4%), neuropathy (4%) and diabeticketoacidosis (1%). The prevalence of macrovascular complications CAD, CVD and PAD was 26.0%, 8.0% and11.0% respectively and microvascular complications retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy was 20.0%, 34.0%and 16.0% respectively.High incidence of complications especially microvascular and CAD occur with HbA1c ofrange >6.5. The correlation coefficient of FBS and PPBS in relation to HbA1c was 0.56 and 0.57 respectively.Conclusion: Smoking, increased BMI and waist circumference is associated with increased prevalence of diabetes.There is high prevalence of coronary artery disease, retinopathy and nephropathy at diagnosis. HbA1c levelspredict the prevalence of complications.