Vascular calcification in Takayasu arteritis: relationship with metabolic syndrome, left ventricular mass index, and intima-media thickness

Abstract

ObjectiveThe present study aims to determine the frequency of vascular calcification in Takayasu arteritis (TA) and the risk factors for it and to evaluate its relation with atherosclerotic predictors such as metabolic syndrome (MS), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with TA; MS was defined according to the US National Cholesterol Education Program/Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III) criteria. The study included 49 TA patients (22 with MS, 27 without MS) and 31 healthy controls (HCs). Non-contrast computed tomography measured calcification in coronary arteries, aorta, and branches. ResultsForty-seven patients (95.9%) were female and mean age was 33.45 ± 8.53 years. Total calcification score (mean ± SD; 5223.9 ± 18041.1 AU vs. 35.87 ± 72.70 AU (p = 0.05)), CIMT, and LVMI were found to be significantly higher in TA patients than HCs (p < 0.05). While there was no significant difference between the total calcification score of MS (+) TA patients and MS (−) TA patients, in both patient groups, the total calcification score was found to be significantly higher than HCs. MS (+) and MS (−) groups were found to have significantly higher CIMT and LVMI values than the control group, in addition, MS (+) patients were found to have significantly higher LVMI and CIMT values than MS (−) group (p < 0.05). ConclusionVascular calcification, CIMT, and LVMI are elevated in all TA patients, with greater impact in the presence of MS.