Vascular anomalies of the extremities

Abstract

Vascular anomalies of the extremities are not uncommon and can significantly impede limb function. Currently, misdiagnosis is a frequent cause of delay in treatment or initiation of incorrect treatment that may detrimentally affect patients. With accurate diagnosis, the appropriate treatment can be implemented with good functional outcomes in most types of vascular anomalies. The goal of this paper is to review the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of vascular anomalies, with particular focus on recent innovations and multimodal management. By clarifying the classification system and developing an algorithmic approach, successful management of vascular anomalies can be achieved. The complexity of these disorders requires communication across multiple disciplines for coordination of care and timely interventions. A typical multidisciplinary team will include an orthopaedist, plastic surgeon, general surgeon, interventional radiologist, dermatologist, oncologist, and geneticist, among others.