Abstract
The use of fluoroscopy to visualize leads used for permanent pacemakers (PPM) has cumulative effects not only on patients but on operators and lab staff including malignancy risk, cataract, hypercholesterolemia, and musculoskeletal injuries due to the weight of radiation protection equipment.( 1 Karatasakis A. Brilakis H.S. Danek B.A. Karacsonyi J. Martinez-Parachini J.R. Nguyen-Trong P.J. et al. Radiation-associated lens changes in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: Results from the IC-CATARACT (CATaracts Attributed to RAdiation in the CaTh lab) study. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2018; 91: 647-654 Crossref PubMed Scopus (43) Google Scholar , 2 Andrew S. Abdelmonem M.R. Kohli S. Dabke H. Evaluation of Back Pain and Lead Apron Use Among Staff at a District General Hospital. Cureus. 2021; 13e18859 PubMed Google Scholar )
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