Abstract
Background: VAP-1 (vascular adhesion protein-1) is a copper-containing SSAO (semi-carbazide sensitive amine oxidase) secreted by vascular smooth muscle cells, adipocytes, and endothelial cells with functional monoamine oxidase activity. The oxidation process generates harmful products that may be involved in causing atherosclerosis and vascular damage in diabetes. Elevation of SSAO activity is observed in atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and obesity. Taking all these data into consideration, the aim of the study was to assess VAP-1 levels and its correlations with endothelial injury markers in prevalent heart allograft recipients (n=128) and patients with chronic heart failure (n=78). Methods:Complete blood count, urea, serum lipids, fasting glucose, creatinine, were studied by standard laboratory method in the hospital central laboratory. We assessed markers of endothelial function/injury and inflammation: vWF (von Willebrand factor), TWEAK, C-Reactive Protein with commercially available assays. Results: The mean serum VAP-1 in was lower than in patients with chronic heart failure. In patients with chronic heart failure VAP-1 was related to age (0.31,p<0.01), ejection fraction-EF (r=0.23, p<0.05), presence of hypertension (r=0.28, p<0.01), presence of diabetes (r=0.31,p<0.01), TWEAK (r=0.21, p<0.05). In heart transplant recipients VAP-1 correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate-eGFR (r=-0.19, p<0.05), age (r=0.17, p<0.05), presence of diabetes (r=0.29, p<0.01), EF (r=-0.34, p<0.01), presence of hypertension (r=0.22, p<0.05), TWEAK (r=0.17, p<0.05), NYHA class (0.33, p<0.001). In both groups of the studied patients VAP-1 was significantly higher in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and eGFR< 60 ml/min when compared to patients without diabetes, with normotension and eGFR> 60 ml/min.(all p<0.01). Concluding, VAP-1, elevated predominantly in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension chronic kidney disease may contribute to the worse outcomes in both of the population studied. It may also contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis with its complications.
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