Varying Winter Wheat Seeding Rates among Landscape Positions

Abstract

Recent research in the Palouse region of eastern Washington has suggested that traditional seeding rates may not be adequate to maximize winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield on all landscape positions. Low spike densities due to reduced light intensities, longer snow cover, and cool temperatures result in lower than expected yields on north-backslope (N-backslope) landscape positions. The objective of this experiment was to determine if higher seeding rates could increase spike density and yield. Three seeding rates, 1.0X standard grower rate (1.0X), 1.5X standard rate (1.5X), and 2.0X standard rate (2.0X), were tested on toeslope, south-backslope (S-backslope), shoulder, and N-backslopes at two locations, Farmington and Pullman, WA, in 1992 and 1993. The 1.5X and 2.0X treatments were established with an additional seeding operation perpendicular to the 1.0X drill passes. Increasing seeding rates resulted in greater spike density on all landscape positions. Spike density of wheat seeded at the 2.0X rate was from 11% greater on the S-backslope to 24% greater on the N-backslope in comparison with the 1.0X rate. Yield, however, only increased on the N-backslope with wheat seeded at the 2.0X rate yielding 10.3% more than wheat seeded at the 1.0X rate. On the three other landscape positions, a reduction in kernel number per spike resulted in no yield increase. Based on expected costs, the 2.0X seeding rate would increase net return on the N-backslope by $2.35/acre given $3.55/bu wheat. Research is needed to determine if similar yield increases could be achieved without making a perpendicular drill pass to double the seeding rate, which would increase net returns by $13.23/acre.