Varus–valgus alignment: Reduced risk of subsequent cartilage loss in the less loaded compartment

Abstract

Varus-valgus alignment has been linked to subsequent progression of osteoarthritis (OA) within the mechanically stressed (medial for varus, lateral for valgus) tibiofemoral compartment. Cartilage data from the off-loaded compartment are sparse. The purpose of this study was to examine our hypotheses that neutral and valgus (versus varus) knees each have reduced odds of cartilage loss in the medial subregions and that neutral and varus (versus valgus) knees each have reduced odds of cartilage loss in the lateral subregions. Patients with knee OA underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and 2 years. The mean cartilage thickness was quantified within 5 tibial and 3 femoral subregions. We used logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to analyze the relationship between baseline alignment and subregional cartilage loss at 2 years, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and disease severity. A reduced risk of cartilage loss in the medial subregions was associated with neutral (versus varus) alignment (external tibial, central femoral, external femoral) and with valgus (versus varus) alignment (central tibial, external tibial, central femoral, external femoral). A reduced risk of cartilage loss in the lateral subregions was associated with neutral (versus valgus) alignment (central tibial, internal tibial, posterior tibial) and with varus (versus valgus) alignment (central tibial, external tibial, posterior tibial, external femoral). Neutral and valgus alignment were each associated with a reduction in the risk of subsequent cartilage loss in certain medial subregions and neutral and varus alignment with a reduction in the risk of cartilage loss in certain lateral subregions. These results support load redistribution as an in vivo mechanism of the long-term alignment effects on cartilage loss in knee OA.