Abstract
In this paper, we review recent advances in on-chip sensors integrated with microfluidics for biological applications. Since the 1990s, much research has concentrated on developing a sensing system using optical phenomena such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to improve the sensitivity of the device. The sensing performance can be significantly enhanced with the use of microfluidic chips to provide effective liquid manipulation and greater flexibility. We describe an optical image sensor with a simpler platform for better performance over a larger field of view (FOV) and greater depth of field (DOF). As a new trend, we review consumer electronics such as smart phones, tablets, Google glasses, etc. which are being incorporated in point-of-care (POC) testing systems. In addition, we discuss in detail the current optical sensing system integrated with a microfluidic chip.
Highlights
Microfluidics has great potential to develop miniaturized systems for modern biology and chemistry by providing the ability to effectively control and measure small amounts of samples due to a need for high-throughput systems
Due to the advancements in manipulation of fluids in channels, with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers, microfluidic systems, more than ever, have the potential to provide a number of useful capabilities: the ability to manipulate reagent and sample volumes ranging from nano- to pico-liters range; to create higher degree of control for separations and detections; and to enable low cost and short time for analysis [5,6,7]
Nanoparticles were mixed with buffer solution, 0.1 M Tris-HCl and 19% PEG 600, nanolense were formed around sample particles by applying mechanical vibration for creating and the performance of the approach was tested by improced imaged of improved images of E. coli, Giardia lamblia trophozoites and human
Summary
Microfluidics has great potential to develop miniaturized systems for modern biology and chemistry by providing the ability to effectively control and measure small amounts of samples due to a need for high-throughput systems. Since the 1990s, optical sensors based on the SPR phenomenon have been seen as a useful technology thanks to their ability to detect sensitively variation in the refractive index caused by interactions on a thin metal surface [9]. The in-line based lens-free integrated on-chip microscope [31,32,33,34,35] and on-chip fluorescent detection system [36,37,38,39,40] have proven to be promising approaches Their ability to miniaturize a conventional optical system with maintained or improved performance is expected to have applications mainly in on-chip point-of-care or on-chip microscopic systems. We describe a future trend of sensing technologies in biological applications
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