Various Methods of Metal Transfer in the Welding Process

Abstract

AbstractThe transfer of molten metal droplets from the electrode to the weld pool or work surface is considered as a metal transfer. The metal transfer makes a vital role in the formation of the weld pool. The size and shape of the droplet and the rate of transfer depend on the various factors of power source and welding power characteristics. These parameters mainly depend on the forces which are responsible for the metal transfer. There are two generous forces act on the droplet, i.e., aid metal transfer force, and the other one is retarding force. The various methods of metal transfer, i.e., globular transfer, spray transfer, short-circuit transfer, CMT, and their causes and affecting parameters have been reviewed in this article. The novel technique to control the metal transfer in different welding processes and with the help of double wire double-pulse GMAW, pulsed laser enhancing in short circuit transfer and underwater flux-cored wet welding as also discussed and observed that surface tension force, gravitational force and electromagnetic force play an important role in the formation and detachment of the droplet, and these forces can be controlled by the use of suitable polarity, current and a suitable power source. The pulsed metal transfer process, the overall time period during the formation and detachment of the metal droplet at the tip of the electrode, during the detachment period, facilitate the ODPP transfer to control welding parameters. Two dissimilar joints of Ti-Fe and other scan are also done by altering the temperature using the variable polarity CMT process.KeywordsDouble wire double pulse GMAWUnderwater flux-cored wet weldingMetal transferWAAMLaser arc welding