Abstract
Grape cane, leaves and grape marc are waste products from viticulture, which can be used to obtain secondary stilbene derivatives with high antioxidant value. The presented work compares several extraction methods: maceration at laboratory temperature, extraction at elevated temperature, fluidized-bed extraction, Soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and accelerated solvent extraction. To obtain trans-resveratrol, trans-ε-viniferin and r2-viniferin from grape cane of the V. vinifera variety Cabernet Moravia, various conditions were studied: different solvents, using powdered versus cut cane material, different extraction times, and one-step or multiple extractions. The largest concentrations found were 6030 ± 680 µg/g dry weight (d.w.) for trans-resveratrol, 2260 ± 90 µg/g d.w. for trans-ε-viniferin, and 510 ± 40 µg/g d.w. for r2-viniferin. The highest amounts of stilbenes (8500 ± 1100 µg/g d.w.) were obtained using accelerated solvent extraction in methanol.
Highlights
Resveratrol has been studied intensively in recent decades as one of the major stilbene derivatives [1,2]
We focused on different extraction methods using various conditions: solvents, sizes of material, temperatures, times, and multiple extractions
All three compounds were determined by liquid chromatography using diode array detector/fluorescence detector (DAD/FLD) and low-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with ion trap (LCMS-IT)
Summary
Resveratrol has been studied intensively in recent decades as one of the major stilbene derivatives [1,2]. It is believed that this substance bears responsibility for the French paradox connected with wine consumption [3,4]. The stilbene derivative family encompasses such other biologically active compounds as viniferins [5], piceid [6], pinosylvin [7] and pterostilbene [8], to mention just the most important ones [9]. Wine production and viticulture technology produce four types of waste plant material: grape canes, leaves [10], grape marc and young lateral shoots. Stilbenes contained in waste material from wine production are good sources of these substances for the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries [11]. In order to maximize yields of these compounds from viticulture and wine production byproducts, development of improved methods is required
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