Variety and seeding rate influence on the parameters of soybean productivity in the Moscow region

Abstract

The influence of varietal specificity and the seeding rate on the formation of leaf surface of plants, elements of the yield structure, number of generative traits, and the yield of soybean varieties were studied. The research was carried in the Moscow region in 2021, 2022. 12 variants were planted in the experiment: four seeding rates (400, 500, 600 and 700 thousand pieces/ha) for three varieties (Bara – standard, Hidaka, Sibiryachka). In 2021, leaf apparatus development was more intensive on Hidaka plants, and the leaf area increased with a decrease in the seeding rate. On average for 2021 and 2022, the maximum leaf area of the Bara variety was formed in the variant with a seeding rate of 600 thousand pieces/ha – 33.09–40.81 thousand m2/ha. The maximum number of flowers was recorded in all the variants with a seeding rate of 400 thousand seeds/ha. In the Bara variety, the flowers were formed uniformly across the variants relative to the year of the study. Differences by 2–3 pieces per plant were noted in the variants with seeding rates of 500 and 700 thousand pieces/ha. In 2022, the number of beans in the plants of the Bara variety exceeded the index of 2021 by 6.9 % at a seeding rate of 600 thousand pieces/ha, by 28.8 % at a seeding rate of 400 thousand pieces/ha. Excess weight of 1 thousand seeds in the Hidaka variety relative to the standard amounted to 43.2–48.4 %. Maximum weight of 1 thousand seeds was obtained in both years of the study in the variant with a seeding rate of 400 thousand seeds/ha – 220.5 and 218.9 g, respectively. The maximum yield was observed in the variety Hidaka at a seeding rate of 400 thousand pieces/ha – 4.18 tons/ha. The gain compared to the control amounted to 18.75 %. As a result of the research it was found that the seeding rate of 400 thousand pieces/ha had a greater positive effect on soybean productivity indicators.