Abstract
BackgroundThe relation of the variety and quantity of different sources of dietary proteins intake and diabetes remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the associations between the variety and quantity of proteins intake from eight major food sources and new-onset diabetes, using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS).Methods16,260 participants without diabetes at baseline from CHNS were included. Dietary intake was measured by three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. The variety score of protein sources was defined as the number of protein sources consumed at the appropriate level, accounting for both types and quantity of proteins. New-onset diabetes was defined as self-reported physician-diagnosed diabetes or fasting glucose ≥7.0mmol/L or glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% during the follow-up.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 1100 (6.8%) subjects developed diabetes. Overall, there were U-shaped associations of percentages energy from total protein, whole grain-derived and poultry-derived proteins with new-onset diabetes; J-shaped associations of unprocessed or processed red meat-derived proteins with new-onset diabetes; a reverse J-shaped association of the fish-derived protein with new-onset diabetes; L-shaped associations of egg-derived and legume-derived proteins with new-onset diabetes; and a reverse L-shaped association of the refined grain-derived protein with new-onset diabetes (all P values for nonlinearity<0.001). Moreover, a significantly lower risk of new-onset diabetes was found in those with a higher variety score of protein sources (per score increment; HR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.65–0.72).ConclusionsThere was an inverse association between the variety of proteins with appropriate quantity from different food sources and new-onset diabetes.
Highlights
The relation of the variety and quantity of different sources of dietary proteins intake and diabetes remains uncertain
To address the important knowledge gaps, our study aimed to investigate the prospective associations between the variety and quantity of proteins intake from different food sources and new-onset diabetes in general Chinese population, using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
Grains followed by red meat, legumes, fish, egg, and poultry are the major sources of protein, accounting for more than 80% of dietary protein intake (Additional file 1: Table S2)
Summary
The relation of the variety and quantity of different sources of dietary proteins intake and diabetes remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the associations between the variety and quantity of proteins intake from eight major food sources and new-onset diabetes, using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). The role of the variety of protein sources, and the quantity of specific sources of dietary proteins intake on diabetes risk have not been explored comprehensively in previous studies. Most of the previous studies have investigated relations of intake of total protein, total animal protein, and total plant protein with diabetes risk. Few studies [10, 11] have been conducted to examine the associations between protein intake from more specific food sources, especially plant protein sources, for which the current evidence is very inconsistent, and new-onset diabetes. Some studies have suggested that a greater variety of dairy, fruit, and vegetable appeared important for a reduced risk of diabetes [12, 13], to date, the relation of the variety of protein sources with newonset diabetes has not yet been examined
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
