Abstract
The present text aims to make an examination of the varieties of moral naturalism, and for this it will examine some anti-naturalist and anti-realist arguments. It will also argue that existent theories can be considered on two dimensions, the metaphysical and epistemological dimension, and the dimension of motivation and normativity. In the first dimension, there is non-reductive naturalism and reductive naturalism of the non-analytic variety. Turning to the second dimension, the dimension of normativity and moral motivation, we find internalist naturalism, simple externalist naturalism and externalist naturalism with the standard-based account of normativity. At the end, the text will say something in favor of moral realism and to a kind of naturalism in specific. Key words: moral naturalism, normativity, moral realism, moral non-realism.
Highlights
Given our examination of the four anti-naturalist and anti-realist arguments, we can describe the varieties of moral naturalism
The theories can be considered on two dimensions, the metaphysical and epistemological dimension and the dimension of motivation and normativity
Each moral property M is identical to some natural property N, yet such identity claims are not analytic or conceptual truths
Summary
We take it to be true, for example, that torture is wrong, that compassion is a virtue, that there is a right to freedom of expression. A fact that would make a moral belief be true would itself have to be normative, and the picture we have of the natural world seems to leave no room for normative facts. This leads us to a second puzzle. If the normativity of moral beliefs and facts is not a naturalistic feature that they have, what kind of feature is it, and what does it consist in?
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