Abstract
This paper demonstrates that the patterns of Japanese/English code-switching found in Canadian Niseis' (second generation Japanese) in-group speech are conditioned by the varieties of bilingual speech characterized in terms of base language. In the variety where Japanese is the base. English nouns are used (borrowing). In the variety where English is the base. Japanese phrases and sentences occur sporadically. In the variety where neither Japanese nor English predominates, switching of various syntactic items occurs (intrasentential code-switching). Thus, a common word order is not necessary for intrasentential code-switching to take place: borrowing is not the alternative to intrasentential code-switching when two languages with different word order are in contact as Poplack et al. (1989) and Sankoff et al. (1990) claim.
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