Abstract
Abstract: Twisted, swollen veins that are commonly found on the lower limbs can be deformative and incapacitating. Varicose vein prevalence varies. At least one-third of people are thought to have lower leg varicose veins. Family history, obesity, advanced age, pregnancy, and prolonged standing are risk factors. The pathogenesis includes weakening vascular walls, defective valves, and genetic factors. Treatment options for varicose veins include surgery, interventional therapy, and conservative measures like diet, lifestyle modifications, and hydrotherapy—all of which depend heavily on patient compliance to be effective. The symptoms, patient preferences, cost, and possible risks all influence the therapeutic selection. This review looks at varicose vein risk factors, symptoms, management (surgery and conservative measures), and complication avoidance
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