Varicella-Zoster Scar Treatments: A Tertiary Review.

Abstract

Chickenpox is a highly communicable disease caused by Varicella Zoster Virus. Varicella rash commonly evolves into permanent depressed scars, documented in up to 18% of post varicella patients, leaving life-long cosmetic issues for patients. Although there is a lot of reviews on depressed scars, the viral etiology and the unique scar morphology of post varicella scar discriminate it from other depressed scars. Therefore it is required to assess the efficacy of scar removal modalities on these scars, specifically. Yet, despite the prevalence, there is no comprehensive review on chickenpox scars’ treatment, particularly. This review provides an overview and categorization of efficacy and adverse events of various methods used in the treatment of post varicella skin scars. A comprehensive literature search was performed on major databases, including all papers related to post varicella scar treatment until 2020. The results were categorized into topical treatment with tretinoin, systemic medical treatments with topiramate and isotretinoin, non-invasive procedures including chemical peelings, micro-needling and laser, invasive procedures including dermal grafting and subcision-suction method, and combination therapies. According to literature, chemical peeling with trichloroacetic acid was the most frequently used method in the treatment of chickenpox scar, revealing moderate to excellent response in patients. However, there is insufficient evidence to accurately compare the efficacy of other modalities on these scars specifically.