Abstract

Abstract Case studies give us a broader lens to investigate the adoption of terrorism. Thanks to them, the strategic thinking of the armed groups and how they cope with the constraints of the underground can be examined. The case studies are an important complement to the previous quantitative analysis, highlighting the rebels’ decision-making process as well as the links between asymmetry, control, and tactics. This chapter exploits variation across armed groups with regard to territorial control. Three groups that offer variation on their level of territorial control are compared: a fully underground organization (Tupamaros); an underground group that enjoyed a safe haven or sanctuary (ETA); and an insurgency which, despite seizing territory, often used terrorist tactics (the Shining Path). These illustrations show that the decision for rebels to pick a particular ‘warfare toolkit’ was largely conditional on the balance of power between the contenders.

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