Variations of oxidized ldl and adipocytokine during metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients

Abstract

Oxidative stress, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS) are often combined in the pathophysiology of hypertension. The aim of this study was to quantify the plasma levels of leptin, adiponectin, and oxidized LDL in patients with essential hypertension, and to correlate these parameters with the metabolic disorders. Our prospective study was carried out in 160 non-diabetic hypertensive patients, age: 57 ± 8.49 years, 118 women and 42 men. Fasting biomarkers were measured: glycaemia, renal balance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDLc, LDLc, CRPus and insulinemia. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model (HOMA-IR), coupled with anthropometric measurements (weight, BMI, waist circumference); ELISA assayed Leptin, adiponectin and oxidized LDL. Data on demographic characteristics, blood pressure and other variables were collected. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in our series was 58%, 53% of patients were sedentary, 40% overweight and 39.25% of them obese. The insulin resistance evaluated by the HOMA-IR was 37%. The concentrations of leptin were 38.22 ± 24.31 ng/ml in MS patients and 33.34 ± 19.62 ng/ml in patients without MS and higher in obese patients. There was a statistically significant difference in adiponectin dosages between groups ( P = 0.046), 6.92 ± 3.18 ng/ml in for the MS group, and 8.74 ± 5.02 ng/ml in patients without MS. Oxidized LDL levels were 4.58 ± 3.74 μg/ml in MS patients and 2.16 ± 1.41 μg/ml in patients without MS ( P < 10 −5 ). In the MS group a positive correlation was found between leptin and waist circumference ( P < 0.0001), BMI ( P < 0.0001), TG ( P = 0.02) and HDLc ( P < 0.0001), no significant correlation was found between adiponectin and HOMA-IR. Our preliminary data revealed an elevation of oxidized LDL and leptin in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. Adipo-cytokines have an important metabolic role; they interact directly with insulin signalling pathways.