Abstract
This article analyzes the dynamics of integration and marginalization inherent in the development process experienced by the rural upland areas of Vietnam and Lao PDR. Focusing on the post-1980s reform period, we compare the two uplands areas along the three themes ethnic difference and hierarchy, development policies and market permeation. In both countries, the low and differential status of ethnic minorities is reflected in policy formulation and implementation, contradicting the official rhetoric and goal of unity and equality among ethnic groups. Market influences are increasingly permeating the uplands of both countries although to varying degrees, connecting them with not only national, but also global commodity markets, and leading to increasing differentiation within and between ethnic groups. These development trajectories integrate and marginalize ethnic minority groups and individuals simultaneously but differentially. Cet article analyse les dynamiques d’integration et de marginalisation liees au processus de developpement qui a lieu dans les regions rurales montagneuses du Vietnam et du Laos. En nous concentrant sur la periode de reformes posterieure aux annees 80, nous effectuons une comparaison de deux regions montagneuses, autour de trois themes: differences ethniques et hierarchie, politiques de developpement, et penetration de marche. Dans les deux pays, la situation– generalement defavorable– des minorites ethniques se reflete dans la formulation et la mise en œuvre des politiques, ce qui contredit le discours et l’objectif officiel de promotion de l’unite et de l’egalite entre les differents groupes ethniques. De plus, l’influence du marche se fait de plus en plus sentir dans les regions montagneuses des deux pays – bien qu’a des degres differents – ce qui les met en contact avec des marches non seulement nationaux mais aussi internationaux, et accroit de ce fait la differenciation tant au sein qu’entre les differents groupes ethniques. Ces trajectoires de developpement integrent et marginalisent les minorites ethniques et les individus de maniere simultanee mais differenciee.
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