Variations in the Serum Sialic Acid Profiles of Malaria Patients in Zaria, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Understanding some variations in specialized molecules during malaria could facilitate adequate monitoring of patients and reduce the fatalities caused by the disease. The present study reports changes in the levels of free serum sialic acid (FSSA) among Plasmodium-infected individuals in Zaria, Nigeria, in a cross-sectional study with 170 individuals. The FSSA and total sialic acid (TSA) in the blood were determined using the thiobarbituric acid method and the white blood cells (WBC) count, haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volumes were assessed using an automated haematological analyser. The results showed that, in the patients aged > 5years the level of TSA was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) compared to apparently healthy age-matched controls whereas TSA was slightly lower in patients aged < 5years compared to controls. The ratio of FSSA to TSA was not different between patients aged > 5years compared to their age-matched controls whereas FSSA/TSA was significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in patients aged < 5years compared to their aged-matched controls. The level of FSSA/TSA in the patients aged < 5years was not correlated with parasite density, white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration or packed cell volume. We concluded that, metabolism and/or physiology of serum sialo-glycoconjugates is affected by malaria and FSSA is mainly elevated in children < 5years of age but not among older patients suggesting the possible usefulness of FSSA in the analysis of uncomplicated malaria in under five children.