Variations in the Global Water Budget

Abstract

TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS: I, ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES.- The atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle and climate.- The atmospheric water vapour budget over Europe.- Remote sensing of atmospheric water content from satellites.- Comparison of water vapour data from Monex-79 and the Tiros-N satellite.- Atmospheric water distributions determined by the Seasat multi-channel microwave radiometer.- Variations of deuterium and oxygen-18 in continental precipitation and groundwater, and their causes.- TECHNIQUES OF MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS: II. SURFACE PROCESSES.- Monthly and areal patterns of mean global precipitation.- Comparison of rainfall rates derived from radar and Nimbus 5 microwave observations in the tropical Atlantic.- Evaporation models in the global water budget.- The use of long-term river level and discharge records in the study of climatic variations in the Federal Republic of Germany.- Plant and soil water storage in Arctic and boreal forest ecosystems.- Recent fluctuations of Alpine glaciers and their meteorological causes 1880-1980.- Radiometric chronology of some Himalayan glaciers.- SECULAR VARIABILITY: INTERACTIONS AND TELECONNECTIONS.- Recent rainfall fluctuations in Africa - Inter-hemispheric teleconnections.- Droughts and floods over India in summer monsoon seasons 1871-1980.- The heavy rainfall in China in 1980 and a comparison with earlier extremes.- Variability of rainfall over northern Australia.- Moisture variations associated with El Nino events.- Surges of tropical Pacific rainfall and tele-connections with extratropical circulation patterns.- Antarctic sea ice variations 1973-1980.- LONG-TERM CHANGES.- Late-glacial circulation over central North America revealed by aeolian features.- Fluctuations in closed-basin lakes as an indicator of post atmospheric circulation patterns.- Present-day and early-Holocene evaporation of Lake Chad.- Marine shorelines in estuaries as palaeoprecipi-tation indicators.- Monsoon rains of the late Pleistocene and early Holocene Patterns, intensity and possible causes of changes.- Sea-level control of ice sheet disintegration.- A climate feedback mechanism involving oceanic upwelling, atmospheric CO2 and water vapour.- Illusions and problems in water-budget synthesis.- MODELLING AND PREDICTION.- The hydrological cycle as simulated by an atmospheric general circulation model.- Effects of soil moisture anomalies over Europe in summer.- Some simulation model results of the effect of vegetation change on the near-surface hydro-climate.- The concept of runoff in the global water budget.