Abstract
The underexplored biodiversity of seaweeds has recently drawn great attention from researchers to find the bioactive compounds that might contribute to the growth of the blue economy. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of seasonal growth (from May to September) on the in vitro antioxidant (FRAP, DPPH, and ORAC) and antimicrobial effects (MIC and MBC) of Cystoseira compressa collected in the Central Adriatic Sea. Algal compounds were analyzed by UPLC-PDA-ESI-QTOF, and TPC and TTC were determined. Fatty acids, among which oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, and palmitic acid were the dominant compounds in samples. The highest TPC, TTC and FRAP were obtained for June extract, 83.4 ± 4.0 mg GAE/g, 8.8 ± 0.8 mg CE/g and 2.7 ± 0.1 mM TE, respectively. The highest ORAC value of 72.1 ± 1.2 µM TE was obtained for the August samples, and all samples showed extremely high free radical scavenging activity and DPPH inhibition (>80%). The MIC and MBC results showed the best antibacterial activity for the June, July and August samples, when sea temperature was the highest, against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis. The results show C. compressa as a potential species for the industrial production of nutraceuticals or functional food ingredients.
Highlights
Introduction iationsAmong seaweeds, the brown macroalgae (Phaeophyceae) have been identified as an outstanding source of phenolic compounds, from simple phenolic acids to more complex polymers such as tannins
Seaweed extracts were screened for total phenolic content (TPC), total tannin content (TTC) and antioxidant activity measured by ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging ability (DPPH) and the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)
Similar to TPC and TTC, the highest FRAP result was obtained for June, showing the reducing activity of
Summary
The brown macroalgae (Phaeophyceae) have been identified as an outstanding source of phenolic compounds, from simple phenolic acids to more complex polymers such as tannins (mainly phlorotannins). The phlorotannins play an important role in the cellular and ecological growth and tissue healing of alga and show strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antitumor properties [3,4,5,6]. Brown fucoid algae of the genus Cystoseira sensu lato (Sargassaceae) consist of 40 species of large marine canopy-forming macroalgae found along the Atlantic–Mediterranean coasts [7,8]. A total of 214 compounds have been isolated from sixteen Cystoseira.
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