Abstract
Electrostatic attraction, covalent binding, and hydrophobic absorption are spontaneous processes to assemble and disassemble the molecules of gold nanoparticles (GNP). This dynamic change can be performed in the presence of ions, such as NaCl or charged molecules. Current research encompasses the GNP in mediating non-biofouling and investigating the molecular attachment and detachment. Experiments were performed with different sizes of GNP and polymers. As a proof of concept, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(acrylic acid), called PEG-PAAc, attachment and binding events between factor IX and factor IX-bp from snake venom were demonstrated, and the variations with these molecular attachment on GNP were shown. Optimal concentration of NaCl for GNP aggregation was 250 mM, and the optimal size of GNP used was 30 nm. The polymer PEG-PAAc (1 mg/ml) has a strong affinity to the GNP as indicated by the dispersed GNP. The concentration of 5800 nM of factor IX was proved to be optimal for dispersion of GNP, and at least 100 nM of factor IX-bp was needed to remove factor IX from the surface of GNP. This study delineates the usage of unmodified GNP for molecular analysis and downstream applications.
Highlights
Developments in nanotechnological approaches have established a vision for the functionalization of nanomaterials for various purposes
To analyze and prove this mechanism, we considered two kinds of molecules were used to display the variations in the assembly processes namely, PEGpolymers which facilitates the non-fouling of gold nanoparticles (GNP) in sensing application
In the analysis of interaction between factor IX and factor IX-bp by GNP-based assay, it was proved that factor IX would be desorbed from GNP by factor IX-bp, which provided space for Na+ ion binding on the GNP surface and purple color was formed
Summary
Developments in nanotechnological approaches have established a vision for the functionalization of nanomaterials for various purposes. In contrary to most nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles have garnered particular interest in scientific research due to their exceptional bio-recognition properties in sensing applications [1, 2]. Further exploration of metal nanoparticles has brought attention to the abilities of gold nanoparticles (GNP) due to their electrical and optical properties and due to their low cytotoxicity and inert nature [3]. GNP has been inculcated into various technologies encompassing photovoltaics, biomedicine, and chemical and biological catalysis. The fine tuneable nature of GNP contributes to this as their chemical surface, size, and structure can be adjusted as intended.
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