Abstract
Glaesserella (formerly Haemophilus) parasuis causes Glässer’s disease, which results in high economic loss in the swine industry. To understand the polymicrobial interactions of G. parasuis and the nasal microbiota, the statistical association patterns of nasal colonizing bacteria with virulent and non-virulent strains of G. parasuis were studied accounting for the farm management practices as potential risk factors for the occurrence of Glässer’s disease. The nasal microbiota from 51 weaned-piglets from four farms with Glässer’s disease and three farms with no respiratory diseases was previously characterized and included in this study. The presence of virulent and/or non-virulent G. parasuis strains in the nasal cavities was determined in order to establish the potential association with other members of the nasal microbiota. Multivariate logistic and linear regression models were performed among the various members of nasal microbiota and G. parasuis. The multi-site production system and disease presence in the farm were both significantly associated with the presence of G. parasuis virulent strains in the nose of the piglets. Differential bacterial associations were observed with virulent or non-virulent G. parasuis. Chitinophagaceae, Corynebacteriaceae and Corynebacterium were positively associated with the virulent G. parasuis strains, while Enterobacteriaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Clostridium XI, and Escherichia/Shigella were negatively associated with virulent G. parasuis. On the other hand, Flavobacteriaceae, Planobacterium, and Phascolarctobacterium were positively associated with the non-virulent G. parasuis strains, while Rikenellaceae, Enterococcaceae, Odoribacter, and Corynebacterium were negatively associated with non-virulent G. parasuis. In conclusion, the nasal microbiota communities showed variations in the association with the G. parasuis strains type.
Highlights
The nasal mucosa of piglets is colonized by a wide array of bacteria, the nasal microbiota, many of which are still unknown [1]
Understanding the polymicrobial interactions of pathogens, such as G. parasuis, and the microbiota in the nasal cavity is crucial for the following reasons (a) colonization is the initial step of the disease process, (b) colonized piglets serve as reservoirs for bacterial transmission to others in the population and, (c) microbiome structure may have an effect on development of Glässer’s disease
In respect to the type of production system, the proportion of the virulent strains of G. parasuis (virGp) and non-virGp strains was predominant in the multi-sites production systems in comparison to farrow-to-finish system, Table 1
Summary
The nasal mucosa of piglets is colonized by a wide array of bacteria, the nasal microbiota, many of which are still unknown [1]. Through metagenomics techniques it was revealed how “an equilibrated” microbiota affects potential pathogens [9, 10]. Metagenomics techniques could reveal the host-microbe and microbe–microbe interactions toward a predictive, dynamic ecosystem model. Recent studies on gut microbiota have provided the evidence that the onset of a disease can be the result of a change in the interaction with other microorganisms [11]. Understanding the polymicrobial interactions of pathogens, such as G. parasuis, and the microbiota in the nasal cavity is crucial for the following reasons (a) colonization is the initial step of the disease process, (b) colonized piglets serve as reservoirs for bacterial transmission to others in the population and, (c) microbiome structure may have an effect on development of Glässer’s disease
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