Variational localized-site cluster expansions. X. Dimerization in linear Heisenberg chains

Abstract

Ground-state instability to bond alternation in long linear chains is considered from the point of view of valence-bond (VB) theory. This instability is viewed as the consequence of a long-range order (LRO) which is expected if the ground state is reasonably described in terms of the Kekul\'e states (with nearest-neighbor singlet pairing). It is argued that the bond alternation and associated LRO predicted by this simple, VB picture is retained for certain linear Heisenberg models; many-body VB calculations on spin $s=\frac{1}{2}$ and $s=1$ chains are carried out in a test of this argument.