Abstract

Linear perturbation theory is used to develop the variational equations needed to determine the sensitivities of the state at some final time with respect to all of the independent variables associated with a spacecraft trajectory model that is general enough for most applications of interest. The state vector is an augmented vector that includes the position, velocity, mass, and all other control-related variables, such as thrust magnitude and direction. The force model is general and the trajectory can have any number of impulsive and/or finite burn maneuvers. The gradient expressions depend, in part, on the system state transition matrix associated with the given state and its corresponding equations of motion. As an example, the procedure developed is applied to the numerical optimization of a multi-impulse escape trajectory from the moon.

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