Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the sire breed, sire within sire breed, genotype of fatteners, gender of fatteners, gender within sire breed, season of birth of fatteners and mass of warm carcass side on the following traits: back fat thickness - middle of the back (DSL), back fat thickness - lower back (DSK), meat yield of carcass sides (JUSKG) and percentage/share of meat in carcass sides (JUSPRO). The research was conducted in the experimental slaughterhouse and laboratory of the Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, and included females and castrated male animals. Sires of fatteners were pure breeds: Swedish Landrace (SL, n = 10), Large White (LW, n = 3) and Pietrain (P, n = 3), while the offspring belonged to the following genotypes: pure breed - Swedish Landrace (SL, n=252), and crosses of Large White ? Swedish Landrace (LW ? SL) (n=170), Pietrain ? Swedish Landrace (P ? SL) (n=13), [Pietrain ? (Large White ? Swedish Landrace)] P ? (LW ? SL) (n=35), [Swedish Landrace ? (Large White ? Swedish Landrace)] SL ? (LW ? SL) (n=33) and [Large White ? (Large White ? Swedish Landrace)] LW ? (LW ? SL) (n=33). The study included total 536 offspring of which 276 are male castrated and 260 female animals. In the winter 24 piglets were born, in the spring 95, in the summer 148 and autumn 269 piglets. It was established that the sire within sire breed Pietrain (S:P) does not affect the variation of the studied traits of fattening pigs (P>0.05); sire within sire breed Swedish Landrace (S:SL) does not affect the varying of the trait JUSPRO (P>0.05); season of birth within the Model 1 does not affect the traits yield and share of meat (P>0.05); the offspring gender within genotype (Gender : Genotype) does not affect the variation of fat thickness at the centre of the back (P>0.05). All other factors (sire breed, sire within the sire breed - Large White, gender and genotype of fattening pigs, gender within sire breed, the mass of warm carcass side, and also birth season of fattening pigs in the Model 2) included in the models showed statistically significant impact on the variability of traits of fattening pigs (P<0.05; P<0.01 and P<0.001).
Highlights
Production of pigs and pork depends on many factors, the most important are the market and economic efficiency of production
Analysis of the data showed that the lowest values for fat thickness occur in the progeny of Pietrain sires (13.20 and 14.31 mm), which resulted in the highest yield (36.22 kg) and the share of meat (44.25%) of the carcass side
The highest values for fat thickness wer recorded in animals that originated from Large White sires (20.51 and 19.12 mm), and the lowest values for yield and share of meat in carcass sides (34.59 kg and 42.73%)
Summary
Production of pigs and pork depends on many factors, the most important are the market and economic efficiency of production. The following factors which affect the quantity and quality of the pork carcass are price of fattened pigs, method of evaluation of breeding pigs (i.e. whether fatteners are paid per kilogram of live weight or meatiness established on the slaughter line), genetic and environmental factors (breed, origin, method of breeding, age and weight at slaughter, castration, nutrition, pig procedures before, during and after slaughter, etc.) (Radović et al, 2009). Obtaining of feedback from the slaughter line and/or from the processing industry enables the breeder to evaluate the effects of breeding and selection work and make changes in the future work if there are such requirements of the meat industry and to achieve greater genetic gain medium and high heritability traits (Petrović et al, 2004)
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