Variation of the spin textures of 2-species spin-1 condensates studied beyond the single spatial mode approximation and the experimental identification of these textures

Abstract

Based on the numerical solutions of the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations, the spin-textures of the ground state of a Bose–Einstein condensate with two kinds of spin-1 atoms have been studied. Besides, making use of the fractional parentage coefficients, the probabilities of an atom in spin component μ and of two correlated atoms one in μ and one in ν have been calculated. The previous results under the single spatial mode approximation (SMA) are found to be qualitatively consistent with the present results beyond the SMA. The variation of the probabilities against the input parameters is found to match the corresponding variation of the spin-textures excellently. In particular, once a spin-texture transition occurs, the associated probabilities will change suddenly. Since the probabilities are observable, the observation provides a way for the experimental identification of the spin-textures. Besides, sine the critical points (where a transition occurs) can be accurately identified, information on the input parameters (say, the very weak spin-dependent forces) can be extracted.