Abstract
The knowledge of milk proteome has been greatly enhanced by technological advances in the proteomics field as the use of the two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis, a gel-based approach which allowed the analysis of proteins from complex mixtures and the comparing of several protein samples in the same experiment. The aim of this study was to characterise the whole milk proteomic profile in Girgentana dairy goat breed by two-dimensional differential in-gel elecrophoresis. The obtained representative 2D whole milk proteomic map showed a general picture of the protein distributions over the pH 3–10 NL including about 100 spots, most of them organised like a spot train. Among differentially abundant spots in the three experimental conditions, milk fat globule EGF factor 8 protein, β-lactoglobulin, β-casein and serum albumin were successfully identified. The three-dyes system employed in two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analysis allowed us to obtain a global representation of the Girgentana whole milk proteome. These preliminary results could be used to generate a milk reference proteomics map for the Girgentana goat breed.
Highlights
In the animal production field, proteomics has become a fundamental research tool for proteins characterisation, biomarker discovery for food quality and authentication process
The three-dyes system employed in two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) analysis allowed us to obtain a global representation of the Girgentana whole milk proteome
A new proteomic approach, two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), has been increasingly used to find new biomarkers, as it is able to overcome the shortcomings of conventional 2D-PAGE, to analyse simultaneously several samples, and to use an internal standard of mixed samples on all gels for inter-gel alignment and relative quantification of spots (Marouga et al 2005; McNamara et al 2010). 2D-DIGE was applied on milk fat globules (MFGs) proteins to study their composition in goats with different genotypes at as1-casein locus (Cebo et al 2012)
Summary
In the animal production field, proteomics has become a fundamental research tool for proteins characterisation, biomarker discovery for food quality and authentication process. 2D-DIGE was applied on MFGs proteins to study their composition in goats with different genotypes at as1-casein locus (Cebo et al 2012). This method was applied to investigate the proteomic changes occurring in MFGs of Sarda sheep naturally infected by pathogens (Addis et al 2011), to analyse the bovine mammary epithelial cells during lactation (Janjanam et al 2014) and to study the proteome of mammary gland tissue in water buffalo (Jena et al 2015)
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