Variation of plant diversity components in different scales in relation to grazing and climatic conditions

Abstract

Background: Understanding the role of livestock grazing on plant diversity can be improved by an accurate measurement of diversity at all hierarchical scales due to the changeability of diversity components in space.Aims: We evaluated the effects of grazing on plant species diversity at different scales of all common and rare species in two regions that have different climatic conditions (arid vs. semi-arid).Methods: In each region, we collected abundant data of plant species from a nested sampling design that consisted of local (80 plots) and regional (16 sites) scales. We partitioned total species diversity (γ) into within plots (αl), among plots (βl) and among sites (β2) using the additive partitioning.Results: Diversity among sites contributed the most to total diversity for all and rare plant species in both regions. In addition, α1 and β1 diversities in ungrazed areas were greater than those in grazed areas for all and common species in both climates.Conclusion: Abandonment of grazing after 10 years resulted in significant regeneration of common species at the local scale, with no change in rare species. We conclude that low grazing intensity is likely to be an important tool for conservation of plant diversity in which all scales should be considered.