Variation of ABO phenotypes, Rhesus factor and salivary secretor status in chronic periodontitis patients with and without type II diabetes mellitus: A cross sectional study

Abstract

Introduction and Aim: While numerous studies have explored the connection between ABO blood groups and disease incidence in various medical contexts, there has been a scarcity of research dedicated to examining the relationship between ABO blood groups and the occurrence of oral diseases with a specific focus on those with and without Type II diabetes mellitus. Understanding the patient’s blood group and salivary secretor status might help to create a new qualitative personalized approach in preclinical diagnosis and to develop preventive measures. Hence, this study delves into the correlation between ABO phenotypes, Rhesus factor, and salivary secretor status in chronic periodontitis patients, with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 120 subjects aged between 35 and 60 years. Participants were categorized into three groups: Group A, consisting of patients with only chronic periodontitis; Group B, including patients with only Type II Diabetes Mellitus; and Group C, comprising individuals with both chronic periodontitis and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Salivary secretor status was determined using the absorption elution method. Results: Group B showed the highest percentage of salivary secretors (97.5%), followed by group A (95%) and group C showed the least percentage of secretors (92.5%). Group B showed the least percentage of non-secretors (2.5%), Group A showed 5% and group C showed the highest percentage of non-secretors (7.5%). The common blood groups in Study Group A were O>B>A>AB. Similarly in Group B, the blood groups were B>O=A>AB and finally in Study Group C, the common blood groups were B>A>O>AB. Majority of the individuals were Rh Positive. Conclusion: The current study has identified a correlation between ABO phenotype, Rh phenotype, and secretor status among individuals with periodontitis, both with and without type 2 diabetes.