Variation in Volatile Constituents and Eugenol Content of Five Important Betelvine (Piper betle L.) Landraces Exported from Eastern India

Abstract

Piper betle L. commonly known as betel vine has been consumed as mouth freshener and traditionally used for medicinal purposes in many countries around the world. The volatile constituents of Piper betle landraces from eastern India were analysed through GC FID and GC-MS analysis. Thirty eight compounds were identified accounting to a total of 98.96% in Paradeep, 98.07% in Birikuli, 95.46% in Matiali, 99.94% in Sanchi and 95.51% in Kali Bangla respectively. Isoeugenol was found to be the major constituent in Paradeep (34.56%), Matiali (48.2%) and in Sanchi (59.2%) where as in Birikuli, trans-isoeugenol (28.45%) and in Kali Bangla, acetyl eugenol (54.76%) were the major constituent. β-ocemene was the unique molecule present in Paradeep where as Birikuli was marked by the presence of eugenol, γ-cadinene , cubebene and β-caryophyllene. Isoeugenol acetate, α-phellandrene and methyl eugenol were only present in Matiali. Sanchi can be distinguished from other landraces by the presence of β-elemene. B-cardinene, chavicol and chavicolacetate were unique to Kalibangla. The volatile constituents can be used for authentic identification of landraces and also enhance their export potential by means of important phytoconstituents and bioactivity studies.