Abstract
With growing demand for clean and cheap energy resources, biogas production is emerging as an ideal solution, as it provides relatively cheap and clean energy, while also tackling the problematic production of excessive organic waste from crops and animal agriculture. Behind this process stands a variety of anaerobic microorganisms, which turn organic substrates into valuable biogas. The biogas itself is a mixture of gases, produced mostly as metabolic byproducts of the microorganisms, such as methane, hydrogen, or carbon dioxide. Hydrogen itself figures as a potent bio-fuel, however in many bioreactors it serves as the main substrate of methanogenesis, thus potentially limiting biogas yield. With help of modern sequencing techniques, we tried to evaluate the composition in eight bioreactors using different input materials, showing shifts in the microbial consortia depending on the substrate itself. In this paper, we provide insight on the occurrence of potentially harmful microorganisms such as Clostridium novyi and Clostridium septicum, as well as key genera in hydrogen production, such as Clostridium stercorarium, Mobilitalea sp., Herbinix sp., Herbivorax sp., and Acetivibrio sp.
Highlights
Biogas production appears to be a brilliant solution to tackle common energetics, waste management, and environmental pollution problems
The elegance of biogas production lies in the complex microbial consortia capable of anaerobic fermentation, which leads to the final step, methanogenesis
As for methanogenesis and methanogenic archaea, understanding fine arrangements in microbial community relationships are key to maintaining steady and profitable biogas production. As it may seem from some studies, the amount of hydrogen may be misjudged as a smaller portion of gas production. It is essential for CO2 to be reduced into methane by methanogenic archaea and naturally turned into biogas
Summary
Biogas production appears to be a brilliant solution to tackle common energetics, waste management, and environmental pollution problems. The elegance of biogas production lies in the complex microbial consortia capable of anaerobic fermentation, which leads to the final step, methanogenesis. Methanogenesis itself is a dominant metabolic pathway typical for the group of microorganisms referred to as methanogenic archaea. These microorganisms rely on the end-products of bacterial fermentation, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and even methyl–amines and methanol [3,4,5,6]. Unbalance in the microbial consortia may lead to the collapse of fermentative processes or contamination of biogas by undesired products, such as H2 S [9]
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