Variation in the compositions of cannabinoid and terpenoids in Cannabis sativa derived from inflorescence position along the stem and extraction methods

Abstract

In the last decade, recognition of the therapeutic abilities of Cannabis sativa has risen, along with the need to standardize its products. Standardization requires grading the methods for growing the plant and extracting the active compounds accumulated in its inflorescence. We explored the results of different methods used today and their effect on the levels of compounds extracted from inflorescences positioned along the C. sativa flowering stem. The polarity of the solvent used for the extraction, drying processes and separation methods influenced the chemical composition of the extract. However, regardless of extraction and analytical methods applied, the amounts of cannabinoids and terpenoids in the inflorescences decreased with the position of the sampled inflorescence from top to bottom of the flowering stem. These results have significant implications for the development of growth protocols for C. sativa cultivation and flower extraction methods to standardize cannabis-based products.