Variation in Shiraz berry size originates before fruitset but harvest is a point of resynchronisation for berry development after flowering

Abstract

Background and Aims: Asynchronous berry development results in variation in berry size and berry composition. Variation in berry size affects vineyard yield, wine quantity and berry composition, while variation in berry composition affects fruit flavour and wine quality. The objective of this study is to identify when variation in berry size begins. Methods and Results: Shiraz bunches were sampled at seven stages throughout the growing season and the development of individual berries was characterised by measurements of weight, volume, surface area, deformability, seed number and seed weight. Coefficients of variation with respect to berry weight, volume and surface area were elevated throughout the post-flowering period but declined as the berries approached harvest ripeness. Conclusions: Variation in berry size originates prior to berry set, most probably during differentiation in the floral primordium at budburst. Harvest represents a point of resynchronisation in berry development when a number of physiological changes become synchronised between berries and within the bunch. Significance of the Study: Variation in berry size is presumed by the wine industry to have a negative impact on crop level, fruit composition and wine quality. Much of this presumption is scientifically unsubstantiated. The findings of this paper should encourage grapegrowers and winemakers to modify the timing of the harvest to coincide with a reduction in variation in berry size.