Abstract
The present work aims to study the drought stress effects on polyamine content and its relationship with growth and development in seeds, during cell division (from the beginning and until 17 days after pollination) and grain filling (until reaching the physiological maturity) stages. Factorial experiment based on Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design was carried out with three replications. Two factors of the experiment were considered: the level of irrigation (irrigation without and with drought stress during cell division stage and with drought stress during grain filling stage) and the level of wheat genotype (drought-resistant, semi-resistant and sensitive genotypes). As control treatment, soil moisture content of the field was considered. For drought-stress treatment, the 50% of the soil moisture content in control treatment was established. According to the experimental results, Putrescine content value is higher in control treatment which develops seeds of drought-resistant genotypes than that are registered for semi-resistant and sensitive genotypes. Both drought stress treatments induced significant rises in putrescine amount in the different genotypes of the study. The rises of putrescine content in sensitive and semi-resistant genotypes, however, were higher than in resistant ones, and the highest rise in putrescine content appeared in manning semi-resistant genotype during the stage of grain filling (27 days after pollination). Exerting drought stress in both stages of cell division and grain filling led to significant increase in spermine and spermidine contents of developing seeds of entire genotypes of the study. The highest spermidine content during grain filling stage occurred in sensitive genotypes of Shark and Tevee’s, and the lowest occurred in semi-resistant genotype of Sabalan. The highest spermine content during cell division stage, though, happened in semi-resistant genotype of manning. In fact, spermine and spermidine act as analogous to plant hormones such as Auxin and Cytokine, or they cooperate with these hormones in order to take a role in cell division regulation of developing wheat seeds and development of sink strength. They, additionally, stabilize the cell division process of developing seeds under drought condition. According to the findings of the study, manning semi-resistant genotype is capable of having a high grain yield under drought condition by reason of reserving high amounts of polyamines.
Highlights
Drought, every year, jeopardizes the potential successful outcome of agricultural crops in Iran and many other countries around the world with varying degrees severity
According to the experimental results, Putrescine content value is higher in control treatment which develops seeds of drought-resistant genotypes than that are registered for semi-resistant and sensitive genotypes
The significant interaction effect between drought stress treatment and genotype on the grain yield ascertained that exerting experimental drought stress brings about a decrease in the grain yield of genotypes of the study
Summary
Every year, jeopardizes the potential successful outcome of agricultural crops in Iran and many other countries around the world with varying degrees severity. Iran is located on the desert belt of the earth, and with the exception of some small regions in the vicinity of Caspian Sea coasts, Elburz and Zagros Mountains, the whole country has arid or semi-arid climate. According to Lie et al [1], water deficiency affects plant-water relation in molecules, cells and subcellular compartments of plants. It is worth mentioning that the stomatal conductance is regulated by soil moisture content. A combination of endogenous and exogenous factors influences on the stomatal conductance as well [3]. The activity of the assimilation carbon enzyme and the enzymes affecting adenosine triphosphate synthesis coordinates with the moisture content of the soil [2]
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