Variation in Functional Mobility Within Gross Motor Function Classification System Levels.

Abstract

Variation in walking performance within Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels for patients with cerebral palsy (CP) is often unrecognized. The Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) rates mobility at household, school, and community distances. This study evaluated the variability of walking performance within GMFCS levels as measured by the FMS. Retrospective review of gait analysis records for ambulatory patients with CP. FMS rating distribution at each distance was examined for GMFCS levels I-IV within age groups (below 12 or above 12 y) and compared among levels using χ2 tests. A total of 788 patients (499 male; age 11.2, SD 3.9 y) were included. FMS score distribution differed significantly among GMFCS levels for all distances (P<0.001). I-Children walked independently on all surfaces at home and school distances at all ages. In all, 5% to 7% used wheeled mobility in the community. II-Most walked at home and school distances. Some younger children crawled at home, and 5% to 8% of all subjects used walls and furniture. Approximately 50% of subjects in both age groups used some form of walking aids or a stroller/wheelchair in the community. III-Twenty-five percent to 30% walked unaided at home, requiring walking aids or wheeled mobility at school or in the community. Forty-five percent of younger and 18% of older subjects crawled at home. Eight percent of younger and 28% of older subjects used wheelchairs at school. Seventy-three percent to 75% of all subjects used strollers/wheelchairs in the community. IV-Sixty-two percent of younger and 43% of older subjects crawled at home. Approximately 15% of all subjects did some aided walking at home. Twenty-seven percent of younger children did some aided walking at school, while only 1 older subject did so. All used strollers/wheelchairs in the community. Mobility function varies within each GMFCS level with the most variability in GMFCS II at school and community distances and GMFCS III at household distances. These findings highlight the importance of using both the GMFCS and FMS when assessing functional mobility in children with CP. Level III-retrospective study.