Abstract
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to analyze the genetic variation of silymarin and the corresponding flavonolignans in the fruit (achenes) of 32 ecotypes of milk thistle, Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner, collected from the north, northwest, south, and southwest of Iran and two improved commercial varieties, one from England (CN Seeds, Ltd., Ely, United Kingdom) and one from Hungary (Budakalaszi, Budakalasz). A higher level of genotypic variation, heritability, and genetic gain was observed for silybin A and B in the studied ecotypes as compared with the two accessions, indicating that these traits could be further improved. In contrast, silymarin content and yield showed only moderate receptiveness for improvement. For silychristin and silydianin, high variation was obtained only in ecotypes originating from the south and southwest regions of Iran. Factor analysis resulted in two factors, accounting for about 91 percent of the total variation of the investigated characters. On this basis, three groups each with distinct chemotypic properties could be identified. Discriminant analysis verified the results of factor analysis and separated the groups.
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