Variation in Chemical Composition of Oil Field Brines with Depth in Northern Louisiana and Southern Arkansas: Implications for Mechanisms and Rates of Mass Transport and Diagenetic Reaction: ABSTRACT

Abstract

ABSTRACT Dickey (1966, 1968) has pointed out that there is a nearly linear increase in total dissolved solids (TDS) content with depth in oil-field waters in areas of northern Louisiana and southern Arkansas. Similar relations exist in portions of east-central Louisiana and central Mississippi. A re-examination of brine analyses in the region shows that these linear increases in TDS are primarily the result of linear increases in Na and Cl concentrations with depth. Other dissolved components, such as Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, HCO3, SO4, and trace constituents can show more complex variations in concentration with depth. It is proposed here that the linear gradients for Na and Cl reflect the on-going, steady-state mass transport of these constituents upward from thousands of feet of depth to the near surface. Na and Cl concentrations at depths exceeding 8,000 to 10,000 ft (2438 to 3048 m) are maintained at constant high levels by the subsurface dissolution of halite. Low dissolved salt concentrations are maintained at the near surface by recharge of meteoric waters. The types of mass transport processes which could produce such nearly linear profiles are limited to molecular diffusion, thermal diffusion (Soret effect), and eddy diffusion. Preliminary estimates of fluxes and mass transport velocities which could result from these processes suggest sodium and chloride ions could be migrating upward at velocities approaching a centimeter per year. Non-linear but systematic variations in the concentrations of other components with depth may reflect the presence of local stratigraphic sources and sinks of material. Zones of depletion of dissolved calcium, for example, may represent areas of active precipitation of calcite. If the mass transport coefficients for these non-conservative components can be estimated, then limits can be put on the absolute rates of on-going diagenetic processes. Of considerable interest is the possibility that dissolved or entrained hydrocarbons are also involved in active vertical migration. The systematic study of brine chemistry promises to provide important clues to the understanding of processes and rates of fluid migration and hydrocarbon migration in the region.